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Scientific Reports Oct 2021Gut lactobacilli and bifidobacteria on the immune homeostasis. Therefore, to understand the mechanism in vivo, we selected human fecal Lactobacillus rhamnosus NK210 and...
Gut lactobacilli and bifidobacteria on the immune homeostasis. Therefore, to understand the mechanism in vivo, we selected human fecal Lactobacillus rhamnosus NK210 and Bifidobacterium longum NK219, which strongly suppressed the IFN-γ to IL-10 expression (IIE) ratio in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Thereafter, we examined their effects on the endotoxin, antibiotics, or antitumor drug-stimulated immune imbalance in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide and oral gavage of ampicillin increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression in the spleen, colon, and hippocampus, while IL-10 expression decreased. However, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide suppressed IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 expression. LPS exposure induced splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells (sNK-C) and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis against Candida albicans (pMA-P) activities, while cyclophosphamide and ampicillin treatments suppressed sNK-C and pMA-P activities. However, LPS, ampicillin, cyclophosphamide all increased IIE and TNF-α to IL-10 expression (TIE) ratios. Oral administration of NK210 and/or NK219 significantly reduced LPS-induced sNK-C, pMA-P, and IFN-γ expression, while cyclophosphamide- or ampicillin-suppressed sNK-C and pMA-P activities, cyclophosphamide-suppressed IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 expression, and ampicillin-suppressed IL-10 expression increased. Nevertheless, they suppressed LPS-, ampicillin-, or cyclophosphamide-induced IIE and TIE ratios, cognitive impairment, and gut dysbiosis. In particular, NK219, but not NK210, increased the IIE expression ratio in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced sNK-C and pMA-P activities in normal control mice, while cognitive function and gut microbiota composition were not significantly affected. These findings suggest that NK210, Lactobacillus sp, and NK219, Bifidobacterium additively or synergistically alleviate gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and cognitive impairment with immune imbalance by controlling IIE and TIE ratios.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum; Cognitive Dysfunction; Colitis; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Lactobacillus; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34667205
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00096-x -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Gut microbiota plays a role in the neonatal immune education and could influence susceptibility to Th2-type immune disorders, such as allergies, the most prevalent...
Gut microbiota plays a role in the neonatal immune education and could influence susceptibility to Th2-type immune disorders, such as allergies, the most prevalent chronic diseases in early childhood. We studied the impact of oral () supplementation to pregnant/breastfeeding C57BL/6 mice on the development of allergic airways disease in their offspring. We observed that mice, from -treated mothers, inoculated with ovalbumin (OVA)-Aluminium hydroxide (ALUM) at 3 days of life and challenged intranasally 4 weeks later showed decreased Th2-associated cytokines, IgE and IgG1, lung eosinophilia and airway hyper-reactivity compared to OVA-sensitized mice from untreated mothers. In that setting, the treatment increased the number and maturation of splenic neonatal type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) that remained largely dominant over the cDC2 and favored their OVA-specific Th1 differentiation. In response to inhaled house dust mite (HDM) allergen, the maternal supplementation increased the number of neonatal pulmonary cDC1 expressing lower amount of costimulatory molecules compared with no supplementation and decreased the number of cDC2 without affecting their costimulatory molecules expression. An HDM-specific Foxp3RORγt Treg polarization was monitored in the lung draining lymph nodes. Finally, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of maternal treatment on all the measured features of the HDM allergic airways reaction in their offspring. We conclude that maternal administration prevents Th2-type allergic airways disease in their neonates by favoring splenic cDC1/Th1 responses against ALUM-adjuvanted OVA or by promoting a pulmonary Foxp3RORγt Treg activation against inhaled HDM.
Topics: Mice; Child, Preschool; Humans; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; Th2 Cells; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Hypersensitivity; Lung; Respiration Disorders; Forkhead Transcription Factors
PubMed: 36685549
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082648 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2016Organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture can pose health risks to humans and wildlife. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, a genus of...
UNLABELLED
Organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture can pose health risks to humans and wildlife. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, a genus of commensal bacteria, would reduce absorption and toxicity of consumed organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos [CP]). Several Lactobacillus species were screened for toleration of 100 ppm of CP or parathion in MRS broth based on 24-h growth curves. Certain Lactobacillus strains were unable to reach stationary-phase culture maxima and displayed an abnormal culture morphology in response to pesticide. Further characterization of commonly used, pesticide-tolerant and pesticide-susceptible, probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) and L. rhamnosus strain GR-1 (LGR-1), respectively, revealed that both strains could significantly sequester organophosphate pesticides from solution after 24-h coincubations. This effect was independent of metabolic activity, as L. rhamnosus GG did not hydrolyze CP and no difference in organophosphate sequestration was observed between live and heat-killed strains. Furthermore, LGR-1 and LGG reduced the absorption of 100 μM parathion or CP in a Caco-2 Transwell model of the small intestine epithelium. To determine the effect of sequestration on acute toxicity, newly eclosed Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed to food containing 10 μM CP with or without supplementation with live LGG. Supplementation with LGG simultaneously, but not with administration of CP 3 days prior (prophylactically), mitigated CP-induced mortality. In summary, the results suggest that L. rhamnosus may be useful for reducing toxic organophosphate pesticide exposure via passive binding. These findings could be transferable to clinical and livestock applications due to affordability and practical ability to supplement products with food-grade bacteria.
IMPORTANCE
The consequences of environmental pesticide pollution due to widespread usage in agriculture and soil leaching are becoming a major societal concern. Although the long-term effects of low-dose pesticide exposure for humans and wildlife remain largely unknown, logic suggests that these chemicals are not aligned with ecosystem health. This observation is most strongly supported by the agricultural losses associated with honeybee population declines, known as colony collapse disorder, in which pesticide usage is a likely trigger. Lactobacilli are bacteria used as beneficial microorganisms in fermented foods and have shown potentials to sequester and degrade environmental toxins. This study demonstrated that commonly used probiotic strains of lactobacilli could sequester, but not metabolize, organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos). This Lactobacillus-mediated sequestration was associated with decreased intestinal absorption and insect toxicity in appropriate models. These findings hold promise for supplementing human, livestock, or apiary foods with probiotic microorganisms to reduce organophosphate pesticide exposure.
Topics: Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Chlorpyrifos; Drosophila melanogaster; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Organophosphates; Pesticides; Probiotics
PubMed: 27520820
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01510-16 -
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Jan 2024Gut microbiota (GM) is the collection of small organisms such as bacteria, fungi, bacteriophages and protozoans living in the intestine in symbiotics relation within... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Gut microbiota (GM) is the collection of small organisms such as bacteria, fungi, bacteriophages and protozoans living in the intestine in symbiotics relation within their host. GM regulates host metabolism by various mechanisms.
METHODS
This review aims to consolidate current information for physicians on the effect of GM on bone health. For this, an online search of the literature was conducted using the keywords gut microbiota, bone mass, osteoporosis, Lactobacillus and sex steroid.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
There is a considerable degree of variation in bone mineral density (BMD) within populations, and it is estimated that a significant component of BMD variability is due to genetics. However, the remaining causes of bone mass variance within populations remain largely unknown. A well-recognized cause of phenotypic variation in bone mass is the composition of the microbiome. Studies have shown that germ-free (GF) mice have higher bone mass compared to conventionally raised (CR) mice. Furthermore, GM dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is defined as any alteration in the composition of the microbial community that has been colonized in the host intestine and associated with the development of bone diseases. For instance, postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and diabetes. GM can be modulated by several factors such as genetics, age, drugs, food habits and probiotics. Probiotics are defined as viable bacteria that confer health benefits by modulating GM when administered in adequate quantity. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a great example of such a probiotic. LGG has been shown to regulate bone mass in healthy mice as well as ovariectomized (OVX) mice via two different mechanisms. This review will focus on the literature regarding the mechanism by which GM and probiotic LGG regulate bone mass in healthy mice as well as in OVX mice, a model of PMO.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Probiotics
PubMed: 37505196
DOI: 10.1002/edm2.440 -
Gut Microbes 2022Psychological stress negatively affects the intestinal barrier function in animals and humans. We aimed to study the effect of CNCM I-3690 on intestinal permeability... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Psychological stress negatively affects the intestinal barrier function in animals and humans. We aimed to study the effect of CNCM I-3690 on intestinal permeability and stress-markers during public speech. Healthy students were randomized to -containing (test) or acidified (placebo) milk consumed twice daily for 4 weeks, with 46 subjects per treatment group. Small intestinal permeability was quantified by a 2 h urinary lactulose-mannitol ratio (LMR, primary outcome), fractional excretion of lactulose (FEL) and mannitol (FEM). Salivary cortisol, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Perceived Stress scores (PSS) were collected. No between-treatment differences were found for LMR (p = .71), FEL or FEM. Within-treatment analyses showed similar LMR and FEL but a stress-induced increase of FEM with the placebo (p < .05) but not test product. Despite a similar increase in salivary cortisol, the stress-induced increase in STAI was significantly lower with the test product vs. placebo (p = .01). Moreover, a stress-preventative effect of the probiotic was found for PSS and more pronounced in subjects with high stress-induced cortisol (p = .01). While increased FEM was mediated by salivary cortisol levels, the effect of the test product on subjective stress was not mediated by changes in FEM. No serious adverse events occurred. In conclusion, we demonstrated that CNCM I-3690 prevented stress-induced hyperpermeability to mannitol. Subjective but not objective stress-markers were reduced with vs. placebo, suggesting anxiolytic effects, which were independent of barrier stabilization and attractive for the reduction of stress in both health and disease. , number NCT03408691.
Topics: Academic Performance; Adult; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Probiotics; Stress, Psychological; Students; Young Adult
PubMed: 35130109
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2031695 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology 2018Probiotics promote and help to maintain beneficial microbiota composition of the gastrointestinal tract ecosystem and have a positive impact on the host's health....
Probiotics promote and help to maintain beneficial microbiota composition of the gastrointestinal tract ecosystem and have a positive impact on the host's health. Production of exopolysaccharides is an important feature of probiotic lactobacilli. It increases the chance of their survival in the gastrointestinal tract and promotes adhesion to the epithelium; therefore, exopolysaccharides are important for the process of colonization. Two lactic acid bacteria strains were used in this study: Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL 53A and Lactobacillus casei Fyos. Exopolysaccharides were isolated from bacterial cells and their monosaccharide composition was examined using liquid chromatography. The influence of exopolysaccharides on lactobacilli adhesion to enterocytes was studied after deglycosylation of the bacterial cells and incubation with the selected intestinal microbiota strains that metabolize polysaccharides - Faecalibacterium prausnitzii DSM 17677 and Blautia luti DSM 14534. Both deglycosylation and incubation with polysaccharide metabolizing strains influenced the ability of probiotic strains to adhere to enterocytes. Enzymatic deglycosylation decreased adhesion efficiency of L. rhamnosus KL 53A; however, co-incubation of both lactobacillus strains with F. prausnitzii DSM 17677 resulted in an increase of their adhesion efficiency. Exopolysaccharides are important adhesins of Lactobacillus spp. that influence their ability to colonize gut epithelium. Other members of gut microbiota can modify the adhesion property in situ ; therefore the composition and metabolic state of commensal bacteria may influence their probiotic action.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Caco-2 Cells; Enterocytes; Faecalibacterium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hydrolysis; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Probiotics
PubMed: 30451443
DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-032 -
PloS One 2018A total of 22 Lactobacillus strains, which were isolated from infant feces were evaluated for their probiotic potential along with resistance to low pH and bile salts....
A total of 22 Lactobacillus strains, which were isolated from infant feces were evaluated for their probiotic potential along with resistance to low pH and bile salts. Eight isolates (L. reuteri 3M02 and 3M03, L. gasseri 4M13, 4R22, 5R01, 5R02, and 5R13, and L. rhamnosus 4B15) with high tolerance to acid and bile salts, and ability to adhere to the intestine were screened from 22 strains. Further, functional properties of 8 Lactobacillus strains, such as anti-oxidation, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-inflammation were evaluated. The properties were strain-specific. Particularly, two strains of L. rhamnosus, 4B15 (4B15) and L. gasseri 4M13 (4M13) showed considerably higher anti-oxidation, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, and cholesterol-lowering, and greater inhibition of nitric oxide production than other strains. Moreover, the two selected strains substantially inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 stimulated the treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with LPS. In addition, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 4B15 and 4M13 indicated them as novel genomic strains. These results suggested that 4B15 and 4M13 showed the highest probiotic potential and have an impact on immune health by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cholesterol; Feces; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Models, Biological; Probiotics; alpha-Galactosidase
PubMed: 29444150
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192021 -
Toxins Dec 2022The high incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) in chocolates suggests the necessity to create a practical and cost-effective processing strategy for eliminating mycotoxins. The...
The high incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) in chocolates suggests the necessity to create a practical and cost-effective processing strategy for eliminating mycotoxins. The present study aimed to assess the adsorption abilities of activated charcoal (A. charcoal), yeast (), and the probiotic as AFs adsorbents in three forms-sole, di- and tri-mix-in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) through an in vitro approach, simulated to mimic the conditions present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) based on pH, time and AFs concentration. In addition, the novel fortification of chocolate with A. charcoal, probiotic, and yeast (tri-mix adsorbents) was evaluated for its effects on the sensory properties. Using HPLC, 60 samples of dark, milk, bitter, couverture, powder, and wafer chocolates were examined for the presence of AFs. Results showed that all the examined samples contained AFs, with maximum concentrations of 2.32, 1.81, and 1.66 µg/kg for powder, milk, and dark chocolates, respectively. The combined treatment demonstrated the highest adsorption efficiency (96.8%) among all tested compounds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed the tested adsorbents to be effective AF-binding agents. Moreover, the novel combination of tri-mix fortified chocolate had a minor cytotoxicity impact on the adsorptive abilities, with the highest binding at pH 6.8 for 4 h, in addition to inducing an insignificant effect on the sensory attributes of dark chocolate. Tri-mix is thus recommended in the manufacturing of dark chocolate in order to enhance the safety of the newly developed product.
Topics: Chocolate; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Aflatoxins; Charcoal; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Powders; Cacao; Allergens
PubMed: 36668841
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010021 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021The objectives of the in vitro study were: (1) to investigate the effect of combining L-arginine (Arg) and NaF on the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LRG);...
The objectives of the in vitro study were: (1) to investigate the effect of combining L-arginine (Arg) and NaF on the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LRG); and (2) to identify an optimum synergistic concentration for the synbiotic (Arg + LRG)-fluoride (SF) therapy. 1% Arg + 2000-ppm NaF (A-SF) and 2% Arg + 2000-ppm NaF (B-SF) demonstrated antagonism against LRG (FIC > 4.0). Both XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) and WST-8 (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt) assays showed that A-SF and B-SF enhanced the growth of LRG when compared to 2000-ppm NaF and LRG control. Colony forming units, bacterial weight, and biofilm thickness of A-SF and B-SF were significantly higher than 2000-ppm NaF and LRG control. Biofilm imaging depicted that 2000-ppm NaF inhibited biofilm formation; while 1%/2% Arg, A-SF, and B-SF increased biofilm growth of LRG. Lactic acid formation was the lowest for 2000-ppm NaF, followed by A-SF and then B-SF. The SF buffer potential after 24 h was the highest for B-SF, and then A-SF. Biofilm pH for B-SF was closest to neutral. Fluoride, Arg and LRG bioavailability remained unaffected in B-SF. The relative gene expression for arcA, argG, and argH was significantly higher for B-SF than the respective controls. In conclusion, combining 2% Arg, 2000-ppm NaF, and LRG provides an optimum synbiotic-fluoride synergism.
Topics: Arginine; Biofilms; Cariostatic Agents; Fluorides; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Sodium Fluoride; Synbiotics; Tetrazolium Salts
PubMed: 33441658
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79684-2 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021is a Gram-negative pathogen that can increase the risk of stomach cancer in infected patients. exploits lipid rafts to infect host cells. Infection triggers clustering...
is a Gram-negative pathogen that can increase the risk of stomach cancer in infected patients. exploits lipid rafts to infect host cells. Infection triggers clustering of Lewis x antigen (Le) and integrins in lipid rafts to facilitate adherence to the gastric epithelium. infection can be treated with probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria that offer numerous benefits to the host while lacking the side effects associated with antibiotic therapy. Previously, we showed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) derived from JB3 (LR-JB3) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 25 attenuated the pathogenicity of . In this study, we established a mucin model to simulate the gastric environment and to further understand the influence of mucin on the pathogenesis of . Porcine stomach mucin dramatically upregulated virulence gene expression, including that of , , and , as well as the adhesion and invasion ability of and induced increased levels of IL-8 in infected-AGS cells. The CFS derived from LR-JB3 at a MOI of 25 reduced the expression of , and in mucin, as well as that of the Le antigen and the α5β1 integrin in AGS cells during co-cultivation. These inhibitory effects of LR-JB3 also suppressed lipid raft clustering and attenuated Lewis antigen-dependent adherence, type IV secretion system-mediated cell contact, and lipid raft-mediated entry of VacA to host cells. In conclusion, LR-JB3 could affect infection through mediating lipid raft formation of the host cells. The currently unknown cues secreted from LR-JB3 are valuable not only for treating infection, but also for treating diseases that are also mediated by lipid raft signaling, such as cancer and aging-associated and neurodegenerative conditions.
Topics: Animals; Antibiosis; Gastric Mucosa; Gene Expression; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Membrane Microdomains; Microbial Interactions; Mucins; Swine; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35095872
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796177